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Guanabara Bay ((ポルトガル語:Baía de Guanabara), ) is an oceanic bay located in Southeast Brazil in the state of Rio de Janeiro. On its western shore lies the city of Rio de Janeiro and Duque de Caxias, and on its eastern shore the cities of Niterói and São Gonçalo. Four other municipalities surround the bay's shores. Guanabara Bay is the second largest bay in area in Brazil (after the All Saints' Bay), at , with a perimeter of . Guanabara Bay is long and wide at its maximum. Its wide mouth is flanked at the eastern tip by the Pico do Papagaio (Parrot's Peak) and the western tip by Pão de Açúcar (Sugar Loaf). The name Guanabara comes from the Tupi language, ''goanã-pará'', from ''gwa'' "bay", plus ''nã'' "similar to" and ''ba'ra'' "sea". Traditionally, it is also translated as "the bosom of sea." ==History== Guanabara Bay was first encountered by Europeans on January 1, 1502, when one of the Portuguese explorers Gaspar de Lemos and Gonçalo Coelho〔 Jorge Couto, 1995, ''A Construção do Brasil'', Lisbon: Cosmos.〕 arrived on its shores. According to some historians,〔 Vasco Mariz, 2006, "Os Fundadores do Rio de Janeiro: Vespucci, Villegagnon ou Estácio de Sá?", in ''Brasil-França. Relações históricas no período colonial'', Rio de Janeiro: Biblioteca do Exército, p. 80.〕 the name given by the exploration team to the bay was originally ''Ria de Janeiro'' "January Sound", then a confusion took place between the word ''ria'', which at the time was used to designate a bay or a sound, and ''rio'' "river". As a result the name of the bay was soon fixed as ''Rio de Janeiro''. Later, the city was named after the bay. Natives of the Tamoio and Tupiniquim tribes inhabited the shores of the bay. After the initial arrival of the Portuguese, no significant European settlements were established until French colonist and soldiers, under the Huguenot Admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon invaded the region in 1555 to establish the France Antarctique. They stayed briefly on Lajes Island, then moved to Serigipe Island, near the shore, where they built Fort Coligny. After they were expelled by Portuguese military expeditions in 1563, the colonial government built fortifications in several points of Guanabara Bay, rendering it almost impregnable against a naval attack from the sea. They were the Santa Cruz, São João, Lajes and Villegaignon forts, forming a fearsome crossfire rectangle of big naval guns. Other islands were adapted by the Navy to host naval storehouses, hospitals, drydocks, oil reservoirs and the National Naval Academy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Guanabara Bay」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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